π§ππ πππππ π’π πππ£ππ§ππ§ππ¦ Hepatitis A (Infectious Hepatitis) π£ Cause: Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) π£ Transmission: Feco-oral route This means the virus is shed in feces and enters the body through ingestion (e.g.,
Pathophysiology of gastroenteritis The GI tract is remarkably efficient at fluid reabsorption. Normally, of the 1 to 2 L of fluid ingested orally and the 7 L that enter the
Clinical presentation of aluminum phosphide poisoning The clinical features of AlPhos poisoning depend on the route, the dose, and the interval between ingestion and presentation. Inhalation of phosphine is a
Antimicrobial mechanisms of action Antimicrobial agents are classified by their specific modes of action against bacterial cells. the modes of action of antimicrobial agents against Gram- positive and Gram-
Clinical Manifestations of Actinomycosis Actinomycosis results from pathogen introduction following a breakdown in mucocutaneous protective barriers. Spread within the host is by direct invasion of adjacent tissues, typically forming sinus tracts that
BCG Vaccine The BCG vaccine is a weakened bacterial vaccine, the only one of this type that is used in Kosovo. The vaccine is known as BCG based on what it
Monkey pox The first reported human case occurred in the Equateur province of Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]), when a 9-year-old boy developed a smallpox-like
Is HMPV like Covid-19? How concerned should we be? Fears of a Covid-19-style pandemic are overblown, experts said, noting that pandemics are usually caused by new pathogens, which is not the
During a bite by a plasmodium-infected anoph¬eles mosquito, invasive sporozoites, which have a tropism for the liver, are inoculated and infect hepatocytes. During this clinically silent, preerythrocytic liver stage, the
Treatment of Chancroid Antibiotics (various) Treatment of chancroid should be started promptly, without waiting for test results. One of the following is recommended: A single-dose of azithromycin 1 g orally or ceftriaxone 250